In one study, Pepperell and his collaborators asked volunteers to decide how "powerful" they considered an artwork to be, and whether they saw anything familiar in the piece.

在一项研究中，Pepperell和同事要求志愿者判断他们认为一幅作品“有力”的程度，以及他们是否在作品中看到了任何熟悉的事物。