It is a pattern of thinking learned "at your mother's knee," says Seligman. It grows out of thousands of cautions or encouragements, negative statements, or positive ones.

塞利格曼说，这是一种所谓“早在母亲膝下”就开始形成的思维模式，来自千万次警告或鼓励，肯定的或否定的话语。