While all the major banks will be hit hard, the two investment-banks-turned-bank-holding-companies, Goldman Sachs (GS) and Morgan Stanley (MS), are expected to experience the most pain.

虽然各大银行都会受到沉重打击，但两家由投资银行转变而来的银行控股公司——高盛和摩根士丹利将首当其冲。