As the first line of defence, communities built sea walls with tsunami gates for river mouths that could be closed when waves approached, as well as offshore breakwaters and raised river dykes.

作为第一道防线，居民们修建了海堤，并在河口处设立水闸(当海啸靠近时，可以关闭水闸)；另外还修建了离岸堤，并加高了河堤。