The earliest of the city states of the ancient Near East appeared at the southern end of the Mesopotamian plain, the area between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in what is now Iraq.

古代近东地区最早的城邦出现在美索不达米亚平原的南端，该地区位于底格里斯河和幼发拉底河之间，也就是现在的伊拉克境内。