Traditional project management has an unstated assumption that all along you can see something; the huge hole in the ground has been dug, the foundation is laid, steel girders are in place.

传统的项目管理有一个未阐明的假设，它假设你一直可以看到一些东西，如地面上的大坑挖好了、地基打好了、钢筋也铺好了。