Home tutoring was common in the families of the nobility and wealthy, and bullying and corporal punishment were common at the best independent schools.
These days, as studies in the U.S.show bullying on the rise and parental supervision on the decline, researchers who study bullying say that calling moms and dads is more futile than ever.
While bullying is parents' greatest concern over all, nearly half of low-income parents worry their child will get shot, compared with one-fifth of high-income parents.
A survey I conducted with Irene Whitney found that in British primary schools up to a quarter of pupils reported experience of bullying, which in about one in ten cases was persistent.
Peter Smith, Professor of Psychology at the University of Sheffield, directed the Sheffield Anti-Bullying Intervention Project, funded by the Department for Education.
Japanese males have shifted increasingly to aggression previously linked with women, such as bullying others by excluding them from conversation, he said.
In Norway, after an intervention campaign was introduced nationally, an evaluation of forty-two schools suggested that, over a two-year period, bullying was halved.
The Sheffield investigation, which involved sixteen primary schools and seven secondary schools, found that most schools succeeded in reducing bullying.
Home tutoring was common in the families of the nobility and wealthy, and bullying and corporal punishment were common at the best independent schools.