It's no longer enough to show, for example, that parents who are conscientious about child rearing tend to have children who are conscientious about their schoolwork.
They show the extent to which agreed budget pla are being implemented and highlight areas where corrective action or resource redeployment would be a ropriate.
In half the cases, the experimenters patted the students lightly on the back of the shoulder for about one second while providing verbal instructions about the study.
Early 20th-century biologists came to a similar conclusion, though they qualified it in terms of probability, stating that there is no reason why evolution cannot run backwards.