The continuing movement toward more complex and process-driven solutions further increases the risk of these "disconnects" between users and developers.
In 2007, the FDA slapped a warning on Avandia's label after a meta-analysis showed that users faced an increased risk of heart attack and death from cardiovascular problems.
Similarly, regularly having more than two alcoholic drinks a day increases the risk of osteoporosis, possibly because alcohol can interfere with the body's ability to absorb calcium.
The rise in global incidence is slowing because HIV epidemics are slowing in Africa, but it is unclear when the global incidence rate will begin to decline.
This study is part of a growing body of evidence that northern systems are bearing the brunt of climate change, said co-author Jennifer Harden, a U. S. Geological Survey scientist.